The Effect of Web Reinforcement on the Shear Capacity of Brick Aggregate Concrete Beams

Shear capacity of reinforced brick aggregate concrete beams without any web reinforcement and with varying ratio of web reinforcement was studied in this investigation. Deflections of beams and cracks during the progress of loading were recorded. Brick aggregate concrete beams with web reinforcement and two layers of tensile reinforcement were found to have increased cracking shear stress by a considerable amount. Equations for cracking and ultimate shear stresses were suggested within the scope of this study. The experimental values of ultimate shear strength of beams were compared with the values obtained by equations proposed by ACI and other researchers. The equations proposed herein were found to represent the test results better than those of other researchers while remaining on the conservative side. It is hoped that the equations developed herein will provide a rational and basic point of departure from the prevailing concept and will help towards the formulation of a suitable code to provide web reinforcement for brick aggregate concrete beams

Shear demand and shear deformation in exterior beam-column joints

The entire researchers till 1970’s believed that RCC beam-column joints behave as rigid joint. So in none of the pre 1970 building codes, they had not provided the confining reinforcement in the joints. With lot of damage and destruction of building due to shear force under earthquakes most of the code committee has introduced the confinement in the joints. But recently due to use of high grade of concrete and better quality control in the RCC structures, confinements in the joints as per the new provision of codes leading to the problem of the congestion. It has been observed at many construction sites that this congestion leads to poor workmanship at the joints, which actually making the joint more vulnerable than previous. Researcher has been working on this area to counter act by Increasing the size of the joints, Using the steel fiber in the joints, Using GRFP to wrap the joints, Prestressing the beam including the joint, Using of the crossed rebar at the joint cores. This paper tries to combine the benefits of the crossed rebar and prestressing in the joints together. The present work is divided into two phase. In first phase a family of planar building has been chosen and designed according to IS 456:2000 and shear force are calculated as per ACI 352-02. From this phase we come to conclusion that first two stories have higher shear force demand and these joints are more susceptible to congestion and prestessing of joint core should be implemented to these joints only. In the second phase exterior beam-column joint from previous experiments are chosen. They were model and analyse using ANSYS v13. Improvement in the ultimate load and failure pattern has been detailed in the thesis. From this phase we come to conclusion that this new technique is more effective than the previous prestressing technique of joints

Exploiting Mechanics-Based Priors for Lateral Displacement Estimation in Ultrasound Elastography

Tracking the displacement between the pre- and post-deformed radio-frequency (RF) frames is a pivotal step of ultrasound elastography, which depicts tissue mechanical properties to identify pathologies. Due to ultrasound's poor ability to capture information pertaining to the lateral direction, the existing displacement estimation techniques fail to generate an accurate lateral displacement or strain map. The attempts made in the literature to mitigate this well-known issue suffer from one of the following limitations: 1) Sampling size is substantially increased, rendering the method computationally and memory expensive. 2) The lateral displacement estimation entirely depends on the axial one, ignoring data fidelity and creating large errors. This paper proposes exploiting the effective Poisson's ratio (EPR)-based mechanical correspondence between the axial and lateral strains along with the RF data fidelity and displacement continuity to improve the lateral displacement and strain estimation accuracies. We call our techniques MechSOUL (Mechanically-constrained Second-Order Ultrasound eLastography) and L1-MechSOUL (L1-norm-based MechSOUL), which optimize L2- and L1-norm-based penalty functions, respectively. Extensive validation experiments with simulated, phantom, and in vivo datasets demonstrate that MechSOUL and L1-MechSOUL's lateral strain and EPR estimation abilities are substantially superior to those of the recently-published elastography techniques. We have published the MATLAB codes of MechSOUL and L1-MechSOUL at http://code.sonography.ai.Comment: Link to the Supplemental Video: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uOmt-T4i9MwR98jUoMsu-eOhQ2mgjrBd/view?usp=sharin

Stability of Triangular Libration Points in the Sun - Jupiter System under Szebehely’s Criterion

In the present study, the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with seventh-order automatic step-size control has been carried out to examine the stability of triangular libration points in the Sun-Jupiter system. The Sun is a highly luminous body and Jupiter is a highly spinning body, so radiation pressure of the Sun and oblateness of the Jupiter cannot be neglected. These factors must have some effects on the motion of the infinitesimal mass (spacecraft) and consequent effects on the stability of the triangular libration points. It is to be noted that in our problem, infinitesimal mass exerts no influence of attraction on the primaries (Sun and Jupiter) but its motion is influenced by the primaries. Therefore, the equations of motion of the infinitesimal mass moving in the gravitational field of the radiating Sun and oblate Jupiter have been established for numerical integration. To check the stability of the libration points, the infinitesimal mass is allowed to librate for trajectory generation in the vicinity of one of the triangular libration points. Using double-precision computation, the Jacobian constant was calculated in order to observe the validity of the trajectory generation throughout the numerical integration. This constant of integration was checked to make sure that it remained constant at least to eight decimal places, so that other data may be accurate. Following all the above computational techniques, the maximum displacement and maximum velocity envelopes were constructed in the light of previous authors. The reason behind the assumption of the maximum displacement and maximum velocity envelopes is that the spacecraft (infinitesimal mass) will librate for a long time within the region of the envelopes without crossing the x-axis. If the area of the envelope is not maximum within the given time limit and the infinitesimal mass crosses the x-axis, then by changing the initial conditions; we attempt to construct the envelopes of maximum area following previous authors. If the area of the envelope is maximum it means spacecraft (infinitesimal mass) will librate in wider area for a long time without crossing the x-axis and longtime libration will give the higher range of stability. From our observation, it is found that due to the oblateness of Jupiter, the range of stability is reduced but photogravitation of the Sun has no significant effect on the triangular libration points

Optimization of the force characteristic of rotary motion type of electromagnetic actuator based on finite element analysis

The needs for non-invasive technique in breast cancer detection could enhance and preserve the future of medical field in Malaysia as well as countries around the world. Breast cancer has become the main concern nowadays not only for women but for man as well. In overall, the risk of women getting breast cancer is higher than man due to the denser tissue of breast in women compare to man. Beside the unawareness for the disease, the reason which contributes to this increasing number of breast cancer reported is also due to the limitations arising from modalities such as MRI, Mammography, ultrasound and other modalities. An alternative to current technologies should be improved for early detection and treatment which causes no physical harm to patients if possible. Thus, non-invasive and better technology in detecting breast cancer is very much needed in the current market. This paper will be discussing the insights of Magnetic Induction Tomography techniques in breast cancer detection

Determination of flow resistance coefficient for vegetation in open channel: laboratory study

This study focused on determination of flow resistances coefficient for grass in an open channel. Laboratory works were conducted to examine the effects of varying of roughness elements on the flume to determine flow resistance coefficient and also to determine the optimum flow resistance with five different flow rate, Q. Laboratory study with two type of vegetation which are Cow Grass and Pearl Grass were implementing to the bed of a flume. The roughness coefficient, n value is determine using Manning’s equation while Soil Conservation Services (SCS) method was used to determine the surface resistance. From the experiment, the flow resistance coefficient for Cow Grass in range 0.0008 - 0.0039 while Pearl Grass value for the flow resistance coefficient are in between 0.0013 - 0.0054. As a conclusion the vegetation roughness value in open channel are depends on density, distribution type of vegetation used and physical characteristic of the vegetation itsel

Purification and Characterization of Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis Somatic Antigens Collected from Naturally Infected Local Fish Schizothorax

Abstract: The present investigation deals with the fish intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis isolated from local fish species Schizothorax. The host fish were collected from two study sites viz the Dal Lake and the River Jhelum, Srinagar, India. The Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis were subjected to immunological studies, especially to reveal the nature of their somatic antigens. The nature of somatic antigens was studied by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE and their antigenic properties were also confirmed by Ouchterlony double diffusion test (ODD). A total of 363 fish specimens were collected and out of which 94 specimens were found to harbor the Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis constituting an overall prevalence of 25.89%. SDS-PAGE of partially purified somatic antigens of Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis through affinity chromatography resolved into five prominent polypeptides of molecular weight ranging from 29-66 kDa by using the known molecular weight marker. Furthermore, the antigenicity of the purified antigens was confirmed in ODD against hyper immune sera raised in rabbit and with homogenous immune sera of naturally infected fish. Only one precipitation arch was formed against hyper immune sera and many precipitation arches were formed against homogenous immune sera

Diversity and occurrence of seaweeds from the south-eastern coast of Bangladesh

1379-1388The present investigation was carried out to prepare a checklist of the seaweeds along with the diversity and distribution pattern in the south-eastern Bangladesh coast. The study was performed in the northern Bay of Bengal during October 2015 to April 2018. From the findings of the present study, it was observed that seaweeds did not occur permanently. Some species were observed only for short periods while other species were recorded for 5-7 months. A total of 117 species were recorded, amongst these 62 species belong to the Rhodophyta group, 31 species belong to the Phaeophyta and 24 species belong to the Chlorophyta group. The species occurrence varied both spatially and temporally. Highest diversity (102 species) of species recorded in Saint Martin Island while the lowest diversity (09 species) was found in Bakkhali, Cox's Bazar coast. This study provides a complete species list to fill up information lacking regarding the ecology of seaweeds in the northern Bay of Bengal coast

Effects of feeding frequency on growth performance of endangered Temoleh, Peobarbus jullieni (Sauvage, 1880) juveniles

The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of feeding frequencies on the growth and feed utilization efficiencies of endangered Temoleh, Probarbus jullieni under captive rearing condition. The juvenile fish, weighing from 12.03g to 32.64g, were fed with an extruded commercial pellet for 60 days. Three restricted feeding regimes were tested in treatments viz., three meals per day (Teratment-1, T1), two meals per day (Teratment-2, T2) and one meal per day (Teratment-3, T3). The experiment was carried out in aquarium tanks on a recirculating water system. The fortnightly mean growth rate was 2.00 g in T1, 1.27 g in T2 and 0.57 g in T3, decreasing from T1 to T3 in that order. The percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and daily growth rate (DGR) were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the treatments, which were highest in T1 as compared to those in T2 and T3, respectively. The best food conversion ratio (FCR) was also observed in T1. Among the tested treatments, three times a day feeding regime appeared to be the most suitable and could be recommended for rearing of P. jullieni under intensive culture systems